Eastman Street
By the 1300s, it had been given the name of Eastman Street, which continued until at least until 1843. However, a 1728 map lists this tything as East Meade Street, which seems to be confirmed by Wilson in his Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870-72), which lists the population of the tything as 450[2a].
Around 1822, the main house on the predendal estate, which dates to around 1600, was transferred to the vicarage in exhange for the 12 acres that was allotted to the vicar in 1818. Around this time it's possible that the demesne farmstead went out of use, with the other farmsteads of Eastman Street following in the later 1800s. Along with the Grade II listed Vicarage[3], which dates to around 1600, there are two other farmhouses that still exist on what is now The Pippin. 17 and 19, The Pippin[4], dates from the late 1600s, with 55 and 57, The Pippin, another house converted into two dwellings, dates from the later 1600s, or early 1700s[5].
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| 17 and 19, The Pippin previously a farmhouse connected to the Eastman Street estate. |
The MP George Lowe (1600-1682) lived on Eastman Street at the prebendal manor (by lease), saw one of the few brushes of Civil War activity that occurred in Calne. His father, Richard Lowe (d.1624) was MP for Calne in 1597, 1601, and 1614 and loaned £16 13s. 4d. to the Crown in 1604[6].
In May 1644 Edward Massey, stormed to Calne through Chippenham and arrested Lowe. His arrest was due to his attendance at the parliament, or King's assembly, in Oxford, which conducted a vote declaring the Parliamentarian members in Westminster to be traitors. Lowe stated that he didn't remain for the vote, but was there to look after an estate he had in trust. Whatever the truth, Lowe was allowed to remain at his home until he was committed to Ely House for close to 1 year. His early voluntary submission meant that the committee, who fined him only a tenth, rather than a third of his estate. Lowe was again the MP for Calne in 1661, although doesn't seem to have been very active[7].
Over time, the land of the Eastman Street Estate was purchased by various people, including George Walker Heneage, around 1856, who purchased 98 acres and added to his High Penn farm.
Broken Cross
The earliest mention I can find of Broken Cross is on a 1728 map that attributes two fields, Great Broken Cross, and Broken Cross, to Sarah Phillips. At one time, this was land of the church and it may well be possible that a cross at one time stood around this location. While many other places named 'Broken Cross' have historical evidence of their broken cross, we sadly don't[8]. Another possibility is that the name comes from the shape of the 'cross' roads here. It is easy to see on the 1840s tithe map that the cross roads don't form a standard cross, but is instead, staggered - this layout is still the same today, see map below. A final idea is that the land was near a crossroad or that runs across a road, this idea could have some merit as there is a path that breaks up Sarah Phillips broken cross fields[9].
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| Broken Cross(Road?) via Google |
By 1900, Eastman Street was known as Broken Cross Road, however by 1923, this was known as Pippin Road. These days, it is simply The Pippin, with Broken Cross being a connecting street between The Pippin and Abberd Way. Broken Cross is home to James House and the Medical Centre. James House, named for Dr. Alastair James, is a 22 flat residential home for the elderly, now owned by GreenSquare. Calne Family Health Centre was opened in November 1970 and is still home to many of Calne's excellent community health services[10]. The bungalows at the end of Broken Cross was part of Phase 6 of the Coleman's Farm Estate, developed c. 1973-1975.
References:
[1] Calne: Calne outside the town | British History Online. 2019. Calne: Calne outside the town | British History Online. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol17/pp51-64#anchorn6. [Accessed 14 August 2019].
[2] Calne: Manors and other estates | British History Online. 2019. Calne: Manors and other estates | British History Online. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol17/pp64-79#highlight-first. [Accessed 14 August 2019].
[2a] Wilson, J., 2019. Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales. 1st ed. London: A Fullarton & Co..
[3]
THE VICARAGE, Calne - 1247332 | Historic England. 2019. THE VICARAGE, Calne - 1247332 | Historic England. [ONLINE] Available at: https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1247332. [Accessed 31 August 2019].
[4] 17 AND 19, THE PIPPIN, Calne - 1247468 | Historic England. 2019. 17 AND 19, THE PIPPIN, Calne - 1247468 | Historic England. [ONLINE] Available at: https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1247468. [Accessed 14 August 2019].
[5] 55 AND 57, THE PIPPIN, Calne - 1270865 | Historic England. 2019. 55 AND 57, THE PIPPIN, Calne - 1270865 | Historic England. [ONLINE] Available at: https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1270865. [Accessed 14 August 2019].
[6] LOWE, Richard (-d.1624), of Eastman Street, Calne, Wilts.; formerly of Salisbury, Wilts. | History of Parliament Online. 2019. LOWE, Richard (-d.1624), of Eastman Street, Calne, Wilts.; formerly of Salisbury, Wilts. | History of Parliament Online. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/lowe-richard-1624#footnoteref16_gzh8mi2. [Accessed 14 August 2019].
[7] LOWE, George (c.1600-82), of Calne, Wilts. and Pennyfarthing Street, Oxford. | History of Parliament Online. 2019. LOWE, George (c.1600-82), of Calne, Wilts. and Pennyfarthing Street, Oxford. | History of Parliament Online. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/lowe-george-1600-82. [Accessed 14 August 2019].
[8] Calne: Calne outside the town | British History Online. 2019. Calne: Calne outside the town | British History Online. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol17/pp51-64#anchorn6. [Accessed 14 August 2019].
[9] Cavill, P., 2018. A New Dictionary of English Field-Names. 1st ed. Great Britain: English Place-Name Society.
[10]Beale, N., 1998. Is that the Doctor?. 1st ed. Trowbridge: Cromwell Press.
